Anti-disialosyl-immunoglobulin M chronic autoimmune neuropathies: a nationwide multicenter retrospective study.

    Auteurs
  • Claire Peillet
  • David Adams
  • Shahram Attarian
  • Françoise Bouhour
  • Cécile Cauquil
  • Julien Cassereau
  • Jean-Baptiste Chanson
  • Pascal Cintas
  • Alain Creange
  • Emilien Delmont
  • Guillaume Fargeot
  • Steeve Genestet
  • Antoine Gueguen
  • Anne Laure Kaminsky
  • Thierry Kuntzer
  • Céline Labeyrie
  • Maud Michaud
  • Yann Pereon
  • Angela Puma
  • Karine Viala
  • Pascale Chretien
  • Clovis Adam
  • Andoni Echaniz-Laguna

Source: Journal (source)Eur J Neurol

Publié le Date de publication

Résumé

AbstractBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In this retrospective study involving 14 university hospitals from France and Switzerland, the aim was to define the clinicopathological features of chronic neuropathies with anti-disialosyl ganglioside immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies (CNDA).

RESULTS: Fifty-five patients with a polyneuropathy evolving for more than 2 months and with at least one anti-disialosyl ganglioside IgM antibody, that is, anti-GD1b, -GT1b, -GQ1b, -GT1a, -GD2 and -GD3, were identified. Seventy-eight percent of patients were male, mean age at disease onset was 55 years (30-76) and disease onset was progressive (82%) or acute (18%). Patients presented with limb sensory symptoms (94% of cases), sensory ataxia (85%), oculomotor weakness (36%), limb motor symptoms (31%) and bulbar muscle weakness (18%). Sixty-five percent of patients had a demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy electrodiagnostic profile and 24% a sensory neuronopathy profile. Anti-GD1b antibodies were found in 78% of cases, whilst other anti-disialosyl antibodies were each observed in less than 51% of patients. Other features included nerve biopsy demyelination (100% of cases), increased cerebrospinal fluid protein content (75%), IgM paraprotein (50%) and malignant hemopathy (8%). Eighty-six percent of CNDA patients were intravenous immunoglobulins-responsive, and rituximab was successfully used as second-line treatment in 50% of cases. Fifteen percent of patients had mild symptoms and were not treated. CNDA course was progressive (55%) or relapsing (45%), and 93% of patients still walked after a mean disease duration of 11 years.

CONCLUSION: Chronic neuropathies with anti-disialosyl ganglioside IgM antibodies have a recognizable phenotype, are mostly intravenous immunoglobulins-responsive and present with a good outcome in a majority of cases.